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排序方式: 共有568条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
N. Thinakaran P. Baskaralingam K. V. Thiruvengada Ravi P. Panneerselvam Subramanian Sivanesan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(9):798-804
Activated carbons prepared from sunflower seed hull have been used as adsorbents for the removal of acid blue 15 (AB‐15) from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption techniques were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters, e. g., temperature, adsorbent dosage, pH, initial dye concentration and contact time on the adsorption process. The optimum conditions for AB‐15 removal were found to be pH = 3, adsorbent dosage = 3 g/L and equilibrium time = 4 h at 30°C. The adsorption of AB‐15 onto the adsorbent was found to increase with increasing dosage. It was found from experimental results that the Langmuir isotherm fits the data better than the Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity, Qm (at 30°C) was calculated for SF1, SF2, and SF3 as 75, 125 and 110 mg g–1 of adsorbent, respectively. It was found that the adsorption follows pseudo‐second order kinetics. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were also evaluated. The activated carbons prepared were characterized by FT‐IR, SEM and BET analysis. 相似文献
22.
23.
J.-Y. Yu 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):271-276
A few simple mass balance equations were developed to simultaneously estimate how much the pollutants from acid mine drainage
(AMD) in stream water are diluted and removed during their migration. The application of the equations requires knowledge
of the variations in the concentrations of the dissolved pollutants and the stoichiometry of the precipitation reaction of
the pollutants when none of the pollutant shows a conservative behavior along the stream path. The calculation should be restricted
to the pollutants showing much higher concentrations in the polluted main stream water than in the combining or diluting water
of the same target area.
The mass balance equations were applied to estimate the dilution factor and precipitation fractions of pollutants in Imgok
Creek such as Fe, SO4 and Al from the AMD of Yeongdong mine. The results show that the estimation, especially for SO4 and Al, significantly depends on the kinds of the precipitates. When FeOHSO4 and AlOHSO4 are assumed to precipitate, the maximum removal fractions of SO4 and Al by precipitation are respectively 34% and 46% of the original input, which is much higher than the values estimated
when SO4 is considered to be perfectly conservative. It indicates that the stoichiometry of precipitation reaction is very important
in the interpretation of the pollutant dilution and migration and assessment of environmental impacts of AMD. The applicability
of the mass balance equations may still need to be verified. However, examining the calculated dilution factor and precipitation
fractions with the equations can provide invaluable information on not only the behavior but also unexpected input of the
pollutants in the stream water polluted by AMD and other point sources.
Received: 12 November 1997 · Accepted: 30 March 1998 相似文献
24.
25.
了解涂装行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征是制定山东地区臭氧(O3)和PM2.5防控策略的重要环节.本研究在山东地区测定了两家典型食品金属包装企业喷涂过程中VOCs的排放组成,企业产品以饮料罐和罐头为主.结果表明:两家企业排放的总VOCs质量浓度水平相当,质量浓度变化范围在50~1 500 μg/m3;但两家企业喷涂过程中VOCs的排放组成具有一定的差异,以生产铝罐和马口铁罐为主的企业中的含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)含量最多,占比89.71%(质量分数,下同);而生产铝罐的企业芳香烃(56.15%)是首要的排放种类,其次是OVOCs (32.32%).通过分析两家企业内外喷涂工艺的VOCs源成分谱,发现同一企业不同工艺之间有一定差异,多种罐生产企业的内、外喷涂中乙醇占比最高,分别为94.28%、84.46%;单铝罐生产企业的内喷涂2-丁酮(24.33%)是重要组分,外喷涂中甲苯(36.40%)含量较高. 相似文献
26.
渣尔泰山地区白垩纪酸性火山岩地质特征及成矿作用 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
渣尔泰山地区位于内蒙古中西部,大地构造位置处于华北地台北缘狼山-渣尔泰山裂陷槽的东段,根据近几年的找矿实践与研究,在白垩纪的酸性火山岩中已发现银金矿床、金银矿床,主要赋存于下白垩统白女羊盘组酸性火山岩中。该套火山岩具富硅富钾、相对贫钙镁的特点,属于铝过饱和的碱性系列;在球粒陨石标准化图解上岩石化学样品均显示为轻稀土(LREE)相对富集、重稀土(HREE)相对亏损的右倾型配分模式,轻重稀土分异较明显,显示较明显的负铕异常;微量元素显示明显的Rb、Pb正异常和Ba、Sr负异常,不相容元素比值Zr/Nb=2.47~4.87,Zr/Y=18.3~103。属大陆碰撞造山期后作用的产物,来源于地壳部分熔融。其岩石类型主要有:流纹质凝灰角砾岩、流纹质角砾凝灰岩、球粒状流纹岩、珍珠岩、显微嵌晶状流纹岩夹流纹斑岩等。银多金属矿的含矿层主要由复碎裂复硅化流纹质凝灰角砾岩、硅化复碎裂流纹岩、多期次硅化黄铁矿化角砾岩化流纹斑岩等组成。成矿元素Ag、Au、Sb、W显著富集于流纹质凝灰角砾岩、多期次硅化碎裂的流纹岩、流纹斑岩中,其平均含量高于中国流纹岩元素丰度10倍以上,说明该套火山岩提供了成矿物质来源;且元素含量的分异程度较大,指示明显受到后期成矿作用的叠加;有一定的找矿潜力。 相似文献
27.
霍什布拉克铅锌矿床是新疆西南天山地区晚古生代碳酸盐岩容矿的重要矿床。本文采用高精度电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)对主要矿石矿物(黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿)和热液脉石矿物方解石进行了微量元素地球化学研究。研究表明,黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、方解石具有较为相似的稀土元素特征,Eu正异常明显,弱负或弱正Ce异常指示成矿流体最初由相对氧化的条件演化为还原条件。与霍什布拉克岩体、容矿围岩的稀土元素组成进行对比后发现,硫化物及热液方解石稀土元素配分曲线部分与重结晶泥晶灰岩重合,结合前人同位素地球化学研究,认为容矿坦盖塔尔组碳酸盐岩为成矿提供了必要的成矿物质及成矿流体组分。Ga/In值显示闪锌矿为低温成矿;硫化物明显富集LREE,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La值小于1,显示铅锌成矿过程中成矿流体主体以富Cl为特征;Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta值变化范围相对较小,表明成矿期流体性质相对较为稳定,基本未混入外来流体。 相似文献
28.
Mobility of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and V in sulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments exposed to atmospheric O2: an experimental study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mats Åström 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):219-226
The major aim was to increase our knowledge on the behaviour of Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and V in sulphide-bearing fine-grained
sediments exposed to atmospheric oxygen. Samples of this type of sediment collected in a previous investigation at eight sites
in western Finland were digested in HClO4-HNO3-HCl-HF at 200 °C and in HCl:HNO3:H2O at 95 °C (aqua regia), and subjected to extractions with ammonium acetate and hydrogen peroxide. Metals and S in the leachates
were determined with ICP-AES. The results of the chemical analyses are compared with previously reported experimental data.
The concentrations of Al and Fe in the sulphide-bearing fine-grained sediments are about 7% and 5%, respectively. Of the trace
metals studied, Mn is most abundant followed in decreasing order by V>Cr>Ni>Cu>Co. On oxidation of the sediments, high proportions
of Co, Mn and Ni, intermediate proportions of Cu but low proportions of Fe, Al, Cr and V are released. The extent of the release
of a metal on oxidation is controlled either by (1) the level to which the pH of the sediments drops on oxidation (Al, Cu,
Cr, V), (2) the amount of the metal associated with easily reduced phases (metal sulphides) in the sediments (Ni, Co) or (3)
the sum of the amount associated with reduced phases and adsorbed on soil compounds (Mn). No control of the release of Fe
on oxidation of the sediments was identified. Based on the results of the study it is argued that artificial drainage and
the subsequent oxidation of sulphide-bearing sediments will result in extensive leaching of Co, Mn and Ni, moderate leaching
of Cu and limited leaching of Cr and V into drainages. The major elements, Fe and Al, have the potential to be mobilised and
leached in large amounts, though the proportions mobilised/leached will remain low. It is suggested that the identification
of sulphide-bearing sediments with a high potential of metal release should be based on determination of metals in easily
mobilised reduced compounds (dissolved e.g. in H2O2) and of the level to which the pH of the sediments drops on oxidation.
Received: 16 October 1997 · Accepted: 9 March 1998 相似文献
29.
A comparative mineralogical and geochemical study of sulfide mine tailings at two sites in New Mexico, USA 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A comparative study of sulfide mine tailings from two sites near Silver City in southwest New Mexico has shown the need for environmental monitoring in a geological context. The Cyprus-Piños Altos and Cleveland deposits consist of Cu and Zn skarn mineralization in the Piños Altos Mountains of New Mexico. Primary ore minerals in both deposits include chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. The Cyprus-Piños Altos Mine ceased operation in 1995 and the Cleveland Mill closed in 1950. The deposits have similar mineralogical characteristics; however, the tailings are different in terms of age, degree of oxidation and method of disposal. The Cyprus-Piños Altos tailings (CPAT) are stored in a lined, bermed impoundment. They are dominantly water-saturated and exhibit no secondary-phase formation. The grains are not cemented and show no evidence of primary-mineral dissolution. The geochemical data show a predominantly primary signature. The tailings pond water is neutral to slightly alkaline (pH?from 7 to 8.3), partly as a result of processing methods. The Cleveland mill tailings (CMT) were deposited in a valley at the headwaters of an ephemeral stream. They are highly oxidized and differentially cemented. They have undergone numerous wet/dry cycles resulting in extensive oxidation. Secondary minerals predominate, and consist mainly of jarosite, goethite, hematite, and Fe-oxyhydroxides and -oxyhydroxysulfates. The pH of the stream draining the CMT is as high as 2.15. Maximum metal contents in the stream immediately downstream from the tailings are 5305?ppm Zn, 454?ppm Cu, 1.16?ppm Pb, 17.5?ppm Cd, 1.4?ppm As, and 0.01?ppm Hg. 相似文献
30.
The Mordor Alkaline Igneous Complex (MAIC) is a composite intrusion comprising a body of syenite and a funnel-shaped layered
mafic–ultramafic intrusion of lamprophyric parentage, the Mordor Mafic–Ultramafic Intrusion or MMUI. The MMUI is highly unusual
among intrusions of lamprophyric or potassic parentage in containing primary magmatic platinum-group element (PGE)-enriched
sulfides. The MMUI sequence consists largely of phlogopite-rich pyroxenitic cumulates, with an inward dipping conformable
layer of olivine-bearing cumulates divisible into a number of cyclic units. Stratiform-disseminated sulfide accumulations
are of two types: disseminated layers at the base of cyclic units, with relatively high PGE tenors; and patchy PGE-poor disseminations
within magnetite-bearing upper parts of cyclic units. Sulfide-enriched layers at cycle bases contain anomalous platinum group
element contents with grades up to 1.5 g/t Pt+Pd+Au over 1-m intervals, returning to background values of low parts per billion
(ppb) on a meter scale. They correspond to reversals in normal fractionation trends and are interpreted as the result of new
magma influxes into a continuously replenished magma chamber. Basal layers have decoupled Cu and PGE peaks reflecting increasing
PGE tenors up-section, due to increasing R factors during the replenishment episode, or progressive mixing of between resident PGE-poor magma and more PGE-enriched
replenishing magma. The presence of PGE enriched sulfides in cumulates from a lamprophyric magma implies that low-degree partial
melts do not necessarily leave sulfides and PGEs in the mantle restite during partial melting.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献